Eyesight and visual acuity: An eye chart measures how clearly you can resolve detail at a specified distance. A result such as 20/20 describes visual acuity; it does not by itself establish the health of every part of the eye or every aspect of visual function. Our eye test overview explains the broader assessment.

Vision involves the eyes and the brain working together. Light is focused onto the retina, which converts it into signals that travel through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets those signals as what you see. Read the National Eye Institute’s explanation of how the eyes work or our SVO article on sight and vision.

For example, driving involves noticing the position and movement of other vehicles, pedestrians and objects as well as reading signs. Tell your optometrist about difficulties you notice during these everyday tasks so they can be considered during your assessment.

Ball sports also involve judging a moving ball’s position and coordinating a response. These examples illustrate different visual demands; an eye chart alone does not describe performance in every activity.

Examples of Eye Conditions

• Cataracts
• Conjunctivitis
• Dry eye
• Allergies
• Pterygium
• Glaucoma
• Diabetic retinopathy
• Macular degeneration
• Blepharitis
• Retinal detachment

Examples of Vision Problems

• Shortsightedness (myopia)
• Longsightedness (hyperopia)
• Astigmatism
• Presbyopia
• Binocular vision problems
• Lazy eye (amblyopia)
• Eye turn (strabismus)
• Eye strain or eye fatigue
• Colour blindness

Questions about eye care and assessment

Can I use this list to diagnose an eye problem?

No. These are examples of conditions and vision topics, not a diagnostic checklist. Similar symptoms can have different causes. An optometrist can discuss your history, examine your eyes and advise whether further assessment or referral is needed.

Which appointment should I choose if I am unsure?

Contact our Bondi or Mosman team, describe your concern and ask which appointment is appropriate. Our eye test overview and Advanced Eye Health Testing page explain the assessment topics; the tests recommended for you depend on your circumstances.

When should I seek urgent eye care?

A sudden increase in floaters, new flashes or a curtain or shadow across your vision needs urgent assessment. These can be signs of a retinal tear or detachment. Contact an eye-care professional immediately or attend an emergency department; do not wait for a routine appointment. The National Eye Institute explains retinal-detachment warning signs.